Mendoza has several museums, including the Museo Cornelio Moyano, a natural history museum, and the Museo del Área Fundacional (Historical Regional Foundation Museum) on Pedro del Castillo Square. Comprising half the metro population of 212,000 in 1947, these suburbs grew to nearly ⅞ of the total metro area of over 1,000,000 by 2015, making Mendoza the most dispersed metro area in Argentina. Important suburbs such as Godoy Cruz, Guaymallén, Las Heras and Luján de Cuyo have in recent decades far outpaced the city proper in population. Tourism, wine production, and more recently the exploitation of commodities such as oil and uranium ensure Mendoza's status as a key regional centre. Avenue Bartolomé Mitre and additional small squares are examples of that design. Mendoza was rebuilt with large squares and wider streets and sidewalks than any other city in Argentina. The city was rebuilt, incorporating innovative urban designs that would better tolerate such seismic activity. Mendoza suffered a severe earthquake in 1861 that killed at least 5,000 people. It was from Mendoza that San Martín and other Argentinian and Chilean patriots organized the army with which they won the independence of Chile and Peru. The extra revenues generated from this, and the ensuing additional trade with Buenos Aires, Viceroyalty on which it depended since its creation and transfer from the Captaincy General of Chile in 1776, no doubt led to the creation of the state of Cuyo in 1813 with José de San Martín as governor. When nearby rivers were tapped as a source of irrigation in 1788 agricultural production increased. It is estimated that fewer than 80 Spanish settlers lived in the area before 1600, but later prosperity increased due to the use of indigenous and slave labor, and the Jesuit presence in the region. The system is still evident today in the wide trenches ( acequias), which run along all city streets, watering the approximately 100,000 trees that line every street in Mendoza. This allowed for an increase in population that might not have otherwise occurred. The Huarpes devised a system of irrigation that was later developed by the Spanish. Before the 1560s the area was populated by tribes known as the Huarpes and Puelches. On March 2, 1561, Pedro del Castillo founded the city and named it Ciudad de Mendoza del Nuevo Valle de La Rioja after the governor of Chile, Don García Hurtado de Mendoza. Print of the second foundation of Mendoza, 1562 As such, Mendoza is one of the eleven Great Wine Capitals, and the city is an emerging enotourism destination and base for exploring the region's hundreds of wineries located along the Argentina Wine Route.
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The region around Greater Mendoza is the largest wine-producing area in South America. Two of the main industries of the Mendoza area are olive oil production and Argentine wine. In the winter, skiers come to the city for easy access to the Andes. The city is a frequent stopover for climbers on their way to Aconcagua (the highest mountain in the Western and Southern Hemispheres) and for adventure travelers interested in mountaineering, hiking, horse riding, rafting, and other sports.
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Ruta Nacional 7, the major road running between Buenos Aires and Santiago, runs through Mendoza. As of the 2010 census, Mendoza had a population of 115,041 with a metropolitan population of 1,055,679, making Greater Mendoza the fourth largest census metropolitan area in the country. It is located in the northern-central part of the province, in a region of foothills and high plains, on the eastern side of the Andes. Mendoza ( / m ɛ n ˈ d oʊ z ə/, American Spanish: ), officially the City of Mendoza ( Spanish: Ciudad de Mendoza) is the capital of the province of Mendoza in Argentina.